Embedded Debugger MCP Server

![Rust](https://rust-lang.org) ![RMCP](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/rust-sdk) ![License](LICENSE)

Embedded Debugger MCP is a Rust server for embedded debugging through either probe-rs (native) or OpenOCD (via the GDB Remote Serial Protocol). It exposes a single MCP tool set for AI assistants — probe discovery, target control, memory, breakpoints, flash, RTT, and AI-facing crash diagnosis — plus a small CLI and bundled skill for a command-driven workflow without setting up an MCP client first.

Language versions: English | 中文

What It Provides

One MCP tool set over two interchangeable backends (probe-rs native, or

OpenOCD via GDB RSP), chosen at connect. Validated on real ESP32-S3.

MCP tools for probe discovery, target connection, core control, memory access,

breakpoints, flash programming, RTT communication, and crash diagnosis (diagnose_fault, unwind_exception).

CLI commands for environment checks, configuration inspection, probe listing,

MCP serving, and skill prompt handoff.

A Codex/Claude Code compatible skill at skills/embedded-debugger.
Release checks covering rustfmt, clippy, tests, docs, packaging, and the STM32

demo build.

Architecture

MCP client or CLI
        |
        v
embedded-debugger-mcp  (one MCP tool set)
        |
        v
DebugBackend:  probe-rs (native)  |  OpenOCD (GDB RSP)
        |
        v
debug probe / openocd  ->  target MCU

Requirements

Rust stable toolchain.
A probe-rs compatible debug probe such as ST-Link, J-Link, DAPLink, Black

Magic Probe, or a supported FTDI-based probe. Alternatively, a running openocd exposing its GDB port (e.g. openocd-esp32 for ESP32) to use the openocd backend.

A supported target chip and working SWD/JTAG wiring for hardware operations.
Nightly Rust plus rust-src for the bundled STM32 demo firmware check.

Build

git clone https://github.com/adancurusul/embedded-debugger-mcp.git
cd embedded-debugger-mcp
cargo build --release

The binary is target/release/embedded-debugger-mcp.

MCP Mode

Run the server explicitly:

embedded-debugger-mcp serve

For compatibility, running embedded-debugger-mcp without a subcommand also serves MCP over stdio.

Example MCP client configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "embedded-debugger": {
      "command": "/path/to/embedded-debugger-mcp/target/release/embedded-debugger-mcp",
      "args": ["serve"],
      "env": {
        "RUST_LOG": "info"
      }
    }
  }
}

On Windows, use the .exe path and Windows path separators.

CLI And Skill Mode

CLI mode is useful for setup checks, automation, and agent workflows before an MCP client is configured.

embedded-debugger-mcp doctor
embedded-debugger-mcp doctor --json
embedded-debugger-mcp probes list
embedded-debugger-mcp probes list --json
embedded-debugger-mcp config generate
embedded-debugger-mcp config validate
embedded-debugger-mcp config show
embedded-debugger-mcp skill print-prompt
embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both

The bundled skill lives in:

skills/embedded-debugger/

It is written as a plain Codex skill and is also packaged for Claude Code with .claude-plugin/plugin.json. The skill starts with CLI checks and uses MCP tools only when an MCP client is available.

Install the skill for Codex and Claude Code:

embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both

Preview or automate the install with JSON:

embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both --dry-run --json
embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both --force --json

--target accepts codex, claude, or both. The command installs the Codex skill under ~/.codex/skills/embedded-debugger, the Claude Code skill under ~/.claude/skills/embedded-debugger, and a local Claude plugin-dir package under ~/.claude/plugins/local/embedded-debugger-mcp. Existing directories are not replaced unless --force is passed.

Trigger the Codex skill with a prompt such as:

Use $embedded-debugger to inspect my embedded target setup.

Load the installed Claude Code plugin package:

claude --plugin-dir ~/.claude/plugins/local/embedded-debugger-mcp --print '/embedded-debugger inspect my embedded target setup'

For skill-only environments, the same skills/embedded-debugger directory can also be copied to a local skills directory.

Validate the skill package:

python3 .github/scripts/validate_skill.py skills/embedded-debugger
python3 ~/.codex/skills/.system/skill-creator/scripts/quick_validate.py skills/embedded-debugger
claude plugin validate .
embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both --home /tmp/embedded-debugger-skill-home --force --json

The first command validates the repository skill metadata, the second validates the standard SKILL.md layout when the Codex skill creator validator is installed, and the third validates the Claude Code plugin manifest.

Backends

The tools run over one of two interchangeable engines, selected at connect:

backend: "probe-rs" (default) — native probe-rs; full flash and RTT support.
backend: "openocd" (experimental) — connects to an already-running openocd

over its GDB port (openocd_address, default 127.0.0.1:3333) using the GDB Remote Serial Protocol. Intended for targets probe-rs does not cover (e.g. Xtensa ESP32 via openocd-esp32). Memory access and halt/run/step/reset are validated on real ESP32-S3; flash and RTT are probe-rs only. Register reads currently use ARM gdb register numbers, so PC/SP are wrong on Xtensa (known limitation); diagnose_fault and unwind_exception are Cortex-M specific. Start openocd with gdb_memory_map disable, otherwise it probes flash on the GDB connect, fails, and rejects the connection — e.g. openocd -f board/esp32s3-builtin.cfg -c "gdb_memory_map disable".

The AI sees the same tool set for both; only connect arguments change.

MCP Tool Set

Probe management:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | list_probes | Discover connected debug probes. | | connect | Open a probe session for a target chip. | | probe_info | Show active session information. |

Target control:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | halt | Halt core execution. | | run | Resume execution. | | reset | Reset the core. Only the implemented hardware-style reset path is accepted. | | step | Single-step one instruction. | | get_status | Read core/session status. | | disconnect | Drop the session and clean up resources. |

Memory and breakpoints:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | read_memory | Read target memory with configured size/range limits. | | write_memory | Write target memory when enabled by configuration. | | set_breakpoint | Set a hardware breakpoint. | | clear_breakpoint | Clear a hardware breakpoint. |

Diagnostics:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | diagnose_fault | Read the Cortex-M SCB fault registers (CFSR/HFSR/MMFAR/BFAR/SHCSR/CPUID) plus PC/SP/LR in one call and return a compact structured evidence bundle with the set fault bits. Reports raw evidence; it does not assert a root cause. Halt the target first. | | unwind_exception | Unwind the stack after a crash and map each frame to a source line. On the probe-rs backend, returns a full DWARF backtrace (function + file:line per frame) via probe-rs's own unwinder; on the OpenOCD backend, reads the Cortex-M exception stack frame and maps the faulting PC / caller LR to source lines. Needs elf_path to firmware built with debug info (.debug_line). |

Flash:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | flash_erase | Erase flash when erase permissions are enabled. | | flash_program | Program ELF, HEX, or BIN files through probe-rs flash algorithms. | | flash_verify | Compare raw expected data with target flash contents. | | run_firmware | Erase, program, reset/run, and optionally attach RTT. |

RTT:

| Tool | Purpose | |------|---------| | rtt_attach | Attach to a SEGGER RTT control block. | | rtt_detach | Detach RTT. | | rtt_channels | List discovered RTT channels. | | rtt_read | Read from an up channel with max byte and timeout limits. | | rtt_write | Write to a down channel. |

Crash Diagnosis

After a crash, halt the core and let the model reason over the evidence:

halt, then diagnose_fault — reads the Cortex-M SCB fault registers

(CFSR/HFSR/MMFAR/BFAR/SHCSR/CPUID) plus PC/SP/LR in one call and returns a compact structured bundle with the set fault bits. It reports evidence; it does not assert a root cause.

unwind_exception with elf_path — maps the crash to source lines. On the

probe-rs backend this is a full DWARF backtrace (function + file:line per frame); on the OpenOCD backend it reads the exception stack frame and maps the faulting PC / caller LR.

Both are Cortex-M specific (SCB registers, ARM exception frame) and do not apply to Xtensa (ESP32) targets. The firmware must be built with debug info (.debug_line) for source mapping.

Safety Notes

Flash erase is disabled unless security.allow_flash_erase or

flash.allow_erase is enabled.

Memory writes are controlled by security.allow_memory_write.
Optional memory range restriction uses target memory regions in the

configuration.

Firmware file paths are canonicalized, checked against

security.allowed_file_paths when configured, and checked against size limits.

Sector erase by arbitrary address is rejected until target-specific sector

mapping is implemented.

flash_verify supports raw data comparison. Use raw BIN files or hex data for

file-based verification.

Generate a starting configuration:

embedded-debugger-mcp config generate > embedded-debugger.toml
embedded-debugger-mcp --config embedded-debugger.toml config validate

STM32 Demo

The STM32 RTT demo is in examples/STM32_demo.

cd examples/STM32_demo
CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/tmp/embedded-debugger-mcp-stm32-target cargo +nightly check --locked

The demo firmware shows multi-channel RTT communication and is intended as a hardware validation aid. See examples/STM32_demo/README.md.

Release Checks

Run these before cutting a release:

cargo fmt --all -- --check
cargo clippy --locked --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings
cargo test --locked --all-targets --all-features
RUSTDOCFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo doc --locked --all-features --no-deps
cargo package --locked
python3 .github/scripts/validate_skill.py skills/embedded-debugger
claude plugin validate .
embedded-debugger-mcp skill install --target both --home /tmp/embedded-debugger-skill-home --force --json
(cd examples/STM32_demo && CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/tmp/embedded-debugger-mcp-stm32-target cargo +nightly check --locked)

Acknowledgments

probe-rs for embedded debug probe support.
rmcp for the Rust MCP SDK.
tokio for the async runtime.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE.

embedded-debugger-mcp